Sometimes, the word risk is figuratively used in the sense of ‘danger’. The word risk is used in the formation of words such as ‘risk-free’ and ‘risk factor’. It is interesting to note that the word risk has its adjectival form in the word ‘risky’ as in the sentence given below. The thrill of not knowing what will happen makes her enjoy taking chances in life. At the same time, the second sentence has the meaning this person enjoys taking chances in life because these chances could work out well or not. As risk is associated with negativity the first sentence has the meaning that there was a possibility of this chance the person took could have gone wrong. In both the sentences, you can find that the word risk is used in the sense of ‘chance’ and hence, the meaning of the first sentence would be ‘he is happy to have taken the chance’, and the meaning of the second sentence would be ‘she enjoys taking chances in life’. The word risk is used in the sense of ‘chance.’ However, this chance is associated with negativity. This is said because the chance implied by risk usually is associated with something unpleasant or unwelcome. If you look at the meanings of the two words carefully, you will understand that both risk and threat have something negative attached to them. The word risk is used in the sense of ‘chance’, and the word threat is used in the sense of ‘warning’, and this is the main difference between the two words. To express decimals as percentages, multiply by 100.Risk and threat are two words that are often confused due to the appearing similarity between them paying no attention to the difference between the two words.If the RR If the RR >1, and the CI does not include 1, events are significantly more likely in the treatment than the control group.If the RR (the relative risk) or the OR (the odds ratio) = 1, or the CI (the confidence interval) = 1, then there is no significant difference between treatment and control groups.In a person with an AR of stroke of only 0.025 without treatment, the same treatment will still produce a 20% RRR, but treatment will reduce her AR of stroke to 0.020, giving a much smaller ARR of 2.5% – 2% = 0.5%, and an NNT of 200.If a person's AR of stroke, estimated from his age and other risk factors, is 0.25 without treatment but falls to 0.20 with treatment, the ARR is 25% – 20% = 5%.Risk Avoidance: an informed decision to avoid involvement in activities leading to risk realization. Risk Acceptance: an informed decision to accept the possible consequences and likelihood of a particular risk. But the ARR is higher and the NNT lower in people with higher absolute risks. Risk can be calculated using the following equation: Risk Probability of Hazard x Degree of Vulnerability. RRR is usually constant across a range of absolute risks.RR of 0.8 means an RRR of 20% (meaning a 20% reduction in the relative risk of the specified outcome in the treatment group compared with the control group).NNT (number needed to treat) = 1 / ARR Examples The probability of an undesired event or condition occurring The consequences, or impact, of the undesired event, should it occur. RRR (relative risk reduction) = (ARC – ART) / ARC Risk termsĪR (absolute risk) = the number of events (good or bad) in treated or control groups, divided by the number of people in that groupĪRC = the AR of events in the control groupĪRT = the AR of events in the treatment groupĪRR (absolute risk reduction) = ARC – ART These are the relationships among various terms used to describe risk, changes in risk, and significant statistical differences. Unlike risk in lay terms, which is generally associated with a bad event, risk in statistical terms refers simply to the probability (usually statistical probability) that an event will occur, whether it be a good or a bad event.
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